一、头痛的特点
早期头痛不明现，随着脑积水的的加重头痛明显。以钝痛为主，通常在卧床休息较久时加重，早上头痛起床后消失。成人头痛往往伴有其他症状如智能改变、记忆力减退等。当然肿瘤引起的脑积水也具有肿瘤的头痛特点。
二、积水的病因
脑积水病因很多，常见的有以下几种原因：
（1）先天畸形：中脑导水管狭窄、膈膜形成或闭锁，小脑扁桃体下疝等。
（2）感染：胎儿宫内感染如各种病毒、梅毒螺旋体感染性脑膜炎未能及早控制，增生的纤维组织阻塞了脑脊液的循环孔道、或胎儿颅内炎症也可使脑池、蛛网膜下腔和蛛网膜粒粘连闭塞。后天脑膜脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫和结核性脑膜脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫。
（3）出血：颅内出血（脑外伤、脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫、蛛网膜下腔出血等）后引起的纤维增生，脑脊液的吸收障碍。其中脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫和外伤引起最多见。
（4）肿瘤：可阻塞脑脊液循环的任何一部分通路，较多见于第四脑室附近。常见肿瘤包括听神经瘤、室管膜瘤、脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫和儿童多件的髓母细胞瘤。
（5）其他：严重的维生素A缺乏等
三、临床表现
成人表现和儿童不同，成人表现为头痛、脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫、精神症状、记忆力减退、智能减退、行走不稳、步距增宽、大小便失禁等等。儿童临床表现与病理变化出现的年龄、病理的轻重、病程的长短有关。出生以后脑积水可能在任何年龄出现，多数于生后6个月出现。年龄小的患者颅缝未接合，头颅容易扩大，故颅内压增高的症状较少。正常婴儿在最早六个月头围增加每月1.2-1.3cm，本症则为其2-3倍，头颅呈圆形，额部前突，头穹窿部异常增大，前囟扩大隆起，颅缝分离，颅骨变薄，甚至透明，叩诊可出现“破壶声”。颞额部呈现怒张的静脉，眼球下旋，上巩膜时常暴露(日落征)。病婴精神萎靡，头部不能抬起，严重者可伴有大脑功能障碍，表现为脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫脑炎脑炎脑出血脑出血垂体瘤失眠癫痫、视力及嗅觉障碍、眼球震颤、斜视、肢体瘫痪及智能障碍等。
四、治疗
一般内科保守治疗无效。但是年龄不同也有差异。以下是不同情况的治疗方式：
（1）50%的先天性脑积水病儿在2～5岁期间有自然缓解称为静止性脑积水，可不需治疗。
（2）50%脑积水病儿症状逐渐恶化称为进行性脑积水，头颅明显增大，且大脑皮质厚度超过1cm者，可采取手术治疗。
（3）病因治疗：切除占位病变，脉络丛切除或电灼术减少脑脊液分泌，Arnold-Chiari畸形可作后颅凹及上颈椎板减压术，第四脑室闭锁畸形可作四脑室正中孔切开解除梗阻等。
（4）脑脊液分流术：绝大多数病人采用这样的手术方式。可根据病变情况及阻塞部位选用脑脊液颅内或颅外分流术，颅内分流术常用脑室-小脑延髓池引流术及三脑室造瘘术等。颅外分流术中目前疗效以脑室-心房分流术及脑室-腹腔分流术为好，但有感染、再阻塞的可能。成人一般采用脑室-腹腔分流术为好，目前此手术使用最多，一小时可以完成手术。
（5）对于成人或者儿童由于肿瘤压迫引起的阻塞，切除肿瘤后一般脑积水可以治愈。
